Gravidanza, Parto

Parto in acqua: come funziona e perché sceglierlo

parto-in-acqua-1Parto in acqua

Il parto in acqua è una pratica sempre più richiesta della future mamme, perché permette di ridurre il dolore del parto naturale. Alcuni studi scientifici pubblicati dalla Cochrane Collaboration, infatti, dimostrano che tra le donne che scelgono di partorire in acqua c’è una minore domanda di anestesia epidurale o spinale, oltre ad una riduzione della durata del travaglio. Per soddisfare le richieste delle pazienti, alcuni (pochi) ospedali si sono già dotati delle attrezzature necessarie per il parto in acqua, anche se la maggior parte delle donne che scelgono questa pratica decide di partorire in casa, aiutandosi con apposite piscine gonfiabili. Ma come avviene il parto in acqua con esattezza? Quali sono i pro e contro? Vediamo.

Parto in acqua: chi può farlo?

Purtroppo, non tutte le gravidanze consentono di partorire in acqua. In alcuni casi, infatti, può essere necessario intervenire con un taglio cesareo, programmato o d’urgenza, e quindi il parto in acqua è da escludere. A valutare la situazione deve essere sempre il ginecologo, ma diciamo che in linea generale si può praticare un parto in acqua se:

  • la gravidanza non è a rischio,
  • la gravidanza non è gemellare,
  • la gravidanza è a termine (37-41 settimane)
  • il bambino è in posizione cefalica, non podalica o trasversa,
  • la mamma non presenta infezioni e febbre in corso,
  • il travaglio è ben avviato.

parto-in-acquaParto in acqua: come avviene

Durante il parto in acqua, la futura mamma viene fatta entrare in una vasca piena d’acqua calda, profonda circa 70 centimetri. La temperatura dell’acqua deve essere intorno ai 36° C durante la fase del travaglio, mentre subito prima dell’espulsione e durante deve essere aumentata a circa 37° C. Non bisogna superare queste temperature per evitare di recare danni al bambino. Durante il travaglio, la partoriente è libera di muoversi come vuole nella vasca, di accovacciarsi, alzarsi, galleggiare e perfino uscire e rientrare tutte le volte che vuole. Inoltre, non deve dimenticare di bere e uscire dalla vasca per urinare. Ginecologo e ostetrica sono sempre presenti, controllando il battito cardiaco della mamma, del bambino e la temperatura dell’acqua. Al papà è consentito entrare nella piscina insieme alla partoriente, ma solo dopo aver fatto una doccia calda e se il ginecologo è d’accordo. Una volta nato, il bambino non ingoierà l’acqua respirando, perché non avrà il riflesso della respirazione finché non uscirà dall’ambiente liquido a cui era abituato.

Parto in acqua: pro e contro

Il parto in acqua, come il parto naturale tradizionale e il cesareo, ha i suoi aspetti positivi, ma anche possibili rischi e complicazioni. In particolare, i vantaggi del parto in acqua sono:

  • l’acqua aiuta a rilassare i muscoli e il respiro, facilitando il parto naturale;
  • è possibile muoversi liberamente e assumere diverse posizioni durante il travaglio;
  • il peso del corpo è sostenuto dall’acqua, quindi si avverte di meno la stanchezza;
  • partorire in acqua regola la pressione sanguigna.

Per tutti questi motivi, il parto naturale in acqua risulta più “facile” e meno doloroso rispetto a quello che avviene fuori dall’acqua. Tuttavia, è possibile che si presentino alcune complicanze, come in caso di parto prematuro, podalico, gemellare o indotto.

parto-in-acqua-2Parto in acqua: costi

Il parto in acqua, se fatto in un ospedale attrezzato, non ha un costo specifico, ma uguale a quello del parto naturale tradizionale. Se invece si vuole ricorrere ad un parto in acqua a casa, allora bisogna acquistare un’apposita piscina, il cui costo è di circa 400 euro. In alternativa è possibile noleggiarla, anche presso l’ostetrica prescelta per farsi assistere. Da non dimenticare è il telo coprivasca monouso, fondamentale per questioni igieniche. Ovviamente, bisognerà pagare ginecologo ed ostetrica, i cui prezzi possono variare molto.

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